ABSTRACT
Laboratory exercises are intended to illustrate concepts and add an active learning component to courses. Since 1980s, there has been a decline in animal laboratories in medical physiology courses. Other cost-effective non-animal alternatives are being sought. The present study was designed to find out the students' opinion regarding the animal versus computer lab and whether innovative teaching methodologies helped students achieve their goals. Opinions of 481 female medical students of 2[nd] and 3[rd] year MBBS were included in the study. A questionnaire based on animal/computer based experiments and new teaching methodologies in physiology was voluntarily filled in by the students. Majority of students immensely benefited from both the animal lab and other teaching methodologies. Although computer based learning is considered effective in helping students acquire basic concepts, there is evidence that some students acquire a more thorough understanding of the material through more advanced and challenging experience of an animal laboratory. The fact that such labs as well various teaching methods offer distinct educational advantages should be taken into account when courses are designed
ABSTRACT
To find out the frequency of ABO blood groups among medical students. Cross sectional study. At the Department of Physiology and Medicine at Nishtar Medical College [NMC] Multan, from March 2008 to May 2008. All the medical students of the first year were included in the study. Blood was collected by finger prick method. A drop of monoclonal anti-A, anti-B was added to a drop of finger prick blood on clean glass slide and mixed well. Results of agglutination were recorded immediately. There were a total of 221 students of whom 106 were females and 115 males. Frequency of different blood groups were as follows; A: 31.3%, AB: 6.7%, B: 42.1% and O: 29.9%. The distribution of blood groups among females [F] and males [M] was as follows: Group A: 46.8% F, 53.2% M; Group AB: 13.3% F, 86.7% M; Group B: 55.9% F, 44.1% M and Group O: 45.5% F, 54.5% M. The study showed that blood group B was more common among the students
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students, Medical , Epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Background: A cross sectional study held in infertility clinics of Multan under supervision of Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. The aim of the study was to look for any correlation between serum prolactin levels and semen parameters in oligospermic or azoospermic infertile males. Where hyperprolactinaemia was the only hormonal abnormality
Methods: We investigated 120 subjects [20 control and 100 infertile males]. The semen analysis was done according to WHO standard methods. The serum prolactin, FSH and testosterone were estimated by radioimmunoassay
Results: Percent motility [p<0.001] and motile density [p<0.01] of sperms had a strong negative correlation with the serum prolactin levels. The sperm count and percentage of normal morphology were not correlated [p>0.05] to serum prolactin levels in such males
Conclusion: Hyperprolactinaemia has a significant role in decreasing the sperm motility even without inducing hypo or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
ABSTRACT
Acute and chronic viral hepatitis are common public health problems in Pakistan, and associated with serious complications. The carrier rate of HBsAg is quoted to be around 10% in general population while the prevalence of HCV in blood donors is 4.8%. Data regarding the prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections among healthy blood donors is well established in Karachi, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Faisalabad, Lahore and Abbotabad areas, but similar data is not available for Multan population. Data regarding the epidemiology of HIV infection among blood donors is not available at most of the blood transfusion centers. In this study six thousands [6000] consecutive young healthy voluntary blood donors [age 16-50 years] comprising of 5476 males and 524 females, belonging to Multan region were included from Blood Transfusion Center Nishtar Hospital Multan and Fatmid Blood Transfusion Center Multan and were tested for HbsAg, Anti-HCV and HIV. Prevalence of Hepatitis B, C and HIV Infection was 3.37%, 0.27% and 0% respectively. The reported prevalence figures for HBsAg and Anti-HCV in other studies are quite variable, depending upon screening protocol, study groups selected and methodology of testing. If data from all the blood transfusion centers of Pakistan is collected and published, we can get representative prevalence values of HBV, HCV and HIV infection of the general population
ABSTRACT
Fifty patients of acute ischemic stroke were analysed to find out the time of onset of stroke. The number of strokes per 4-hour period were the following: 12 midnight a.m., 4 [8%]; 4 a.m. -8 a.m. 15 [30%]; 8 a.m. -12 noon, 12[24%]; 12 noon - 4p.m., 6[12%]; 4 p.m.-8 p.m. 6[12%] and 8 p.m. - 12 mid night 7[14%]. It was observed that most of the strokes occurred between 4 a.m. and noon [54%] and the most frequent time of stroke onset was 4 a.m. -8 a.m. It was also noted that 44% of the strokes occurred within first hour of awakening. This study has indicated that there is a circadian variation in the time of onset of ischemic stroke peaking in the early morning and deceasing as the day passes